Ghetto Essays - Jewish Ghettos In German-occupied Poland

Ghetto By: It is widely known what went on between the Jews and the Germans during World War II. Millions upon millions of Jews were killed because of Hitler's hatred, Hitler's tyranny, and Hitler's fury. While many people today still cringe at the thought of life in concentration camps, many are not aware of the harsh reality that existed in the Jewish ghettos. The word "ghetto" is not only the scariest place in America but also a word used to refer to a Jewish community. These ghettos or communities were the holding areas of many, many Jews who were forced to perform slave labor for the Germans during the war instead of going to concentration camps. In Germany, during the early stages of the war, more and more occupations were closed to Jews, and the free professions were totally banned to them. However, during the drafting of a general law designed to totally displace the Jews from their positions in the economy, it became evident to the Germans that the problem could not be solved without simultaneously clearing the way for increased emigration. If the Germans dispossessed them, they would no longer be a burden on the German economy. In June of 1938, a man named Martin Bormann, acting on behalf of the fuhrer's deputy, Rudolf Hess, sent German party activists a secret directive about "the removal of Jews from the economy." In a Nazi meeting held on October 14, 1938, a man named Herman Goring, who was second in power only to Chancellor Adolf Hitler, declared that "Aryanization (making the world one Aryan race) was the state's, and only the state's concern," adding that he was not prepared to allocate foreign currency to dispose of the Jews. He also added the remark that "if the need arises we will have to establish ghettos in the big cities," and so it seems the stage was set as this was the first time mention was made of the plan to set up Jewish work brigades. Originally, the ghettos were not supposed to be permanent institutions, but used as temporary concentration camps until it was possible to find the ultimate solution to the problem of disposing of al the Jews. The first known instance of establishment of a ghetto was in December of 1939 in a town called Leczyca in Poland when the Germans attempted to segregate the Jewish population from the Poles. A prominent example of the way in which large communities were depopulated was the fate of Kalisz, one of the oldest Jewish communities in Poland with a population of twenty thousand at the outbreak of the war. Both Germans and Poles joined in the brutal attacks against the Jews. The Jews had no chance. Many Jews fled, some seven thousand reaching Warsaw. The healthy men remaining in Kalisz were sent to work in the camp, while the ailing were slaughtered in a nearby forest. By October of 1940, only a few hundred Jews were left in the city. The first ghetto to be established in a systematic fashion was the Lodz ghetto. Governor of the Kalisz-Lodz District, Friedrich Ubelhor, had planned the idea for a ghetto in Lodz since December 10, 1939. Ubelhor proposed two things. The first was to close off most of the Jewish population in the northern part of the city, where most of the Jews lived, and to transfer the Jews from other parts of the Lodz area to this area. The second was to select those fit to labor and concentrate them in another ghetto, actually a labor camp, where they would be organized into labor battalions. The first step in setting up Ubelhor's labor camp was to first fix the borders of the ghetto and work out the problems of transport through the streets .The Germans and Poles also had to find new homes to be resettled in. Other factors that played a part were sealing and guarding the ghetto, provisions for medical care, sewage, refuse removal, burials, and fuel necessary for heating. The basis for establishing the ghetto in Lodz focused primarily on three spheres: (1) the deportation of as many Jews as possible, with preference given to the wealthy, the educated, and community leadership, if they had not managed to flee by then; (2) the confiscation of property on as broad a scale as possible; and (3) terrifying the Jews by harassment, depriving the population of food, and abducting people for labor. Once the ghetto was completed and all the Jews had been confined, a Jewish body for self-administration

Free Essays on Hypnotism

Edward Bach (1886-1936) was not a hypnotherapist and so his work is not well know in some hypnotherapy circles. Nevertheless, his philosophy is consistent with that of modern hypnotherapy and we have found that the flower remedies that he developed provide an excellent adjunct to hypnotherapy. Dr. Bach entered medical school in London in 1906 at the age of 20 and graduated five years later. He practiced conventional medicine from 1912 until 1919 when he joint the staff of the London Homeopathic Hospital as a pathologist and bacteriologist. Impressed with the work of Hahnemann, the father of homeopathic medicine, he developed seven nosodes from the seven types of bacteria that he had associated with chronic illness. At the same time he noted that patients with the seven different types of intestinal bacterial pathogens exhibited particular personality types or temperaments. He began to prescribe his nosodes solely by observing the patients’ personality types and temperaments. Bach did not like using pathogen-based nosodes and began to use herbs and plants in place of intestinal bacteria in homeopathic remedies. After using flowers as the basis for developing several homeopathic remedies he sold his medical practice and in 1930, at the age of 43, he left London for the English countryside. Over the course of the next six years he developed 38 flower remedies (discussed below) and the more well know Rescue Remedy. Dr. Bach died at the age of 50 in 1936. Dr. Bach’s Philosophy Dr. Bach’s philosophy about healing and life are set forth in his short book, Heal Thyself. The crux of his philosophy is summarized in two statements: â€Å"The main reason for the failure of modern medical science is that it is dealing with results and not causes . . . Disease is in essence the result of conflict between Soul and Mind, and will never be eradicated except by spiritual and mental effort.† (Centre, 1997, 9-10) As hypnot... Free Essays on Hypnotism Free Essays on Hypnotism Edward Bach (1886-1936) was not a hypnotherapist and so his work is not well know in some hypnotherapy circles. Nevertheless, his philosophy is consistent with that of modern hypnotherapy and we have found that the flower remedies that he developed provide an excellent adjunct to hypnotherapy. Dr. Bach entered medical school in London in 1906 at the age of 20 and graduated five years later. He practiced conventional medicine from 1912 until 1919 when he joint the staff of the London Homeopathic Hospital as a pathologist and bacteriologist. Impressed with the work of Hahnemann, the father of homeopathic medicine, he developed seven nosodes from the seven types of bacteria that he had associated with chronic illness. At the same time he noted that patients with the seven different types of intestinal bacterial pathogens exhibited particular personality types or temperaments. He began to prescribe his nosodes solely by observing the patients’ personality types and temperaments. Bach did not like using pathogen-based nosodes and began to use herbs and plants in place of intestinal bacteria in homeopathic remedies. After using flowers as the basis for developing several homeopathic remedies he sold his medical practice and in 1930, at the age of 43, he left London for the English countryside. Over the course of the next six years he developed 38 flower remedies (discussed below) and the more well know Rescue Remedy. Dr. Bach died at the age of 50 in 1936. Dr. Bach’s Philosophy Dr. Bach’s philosophy about healing and life are set forth in his short book, Heal Thyself. The crux of his philosophy is summarized in two statements: â€Å"The main reason for the failure of modern medical science is that it is dealing with results and not causes . . . Disease is in essence the result of conflict between Soul and Mind, and will never be eradicated except by spiritual and mental effort.† (Centre, 1997, 9-10) As hypnot...

Tactical Leadership Versus Organizational leadership Essay

Tactical Leadership Versus Organizational leadership - Essay Example Tactical and organizational leadership styles are two of these which are undertaken and adopted for similar aims and objectives. Each of these modes of leadership has one thing in common- achieving the defined goals and objectives, the difference is in the path following, procedures adoption, tools and techniques employment. Before understanding the two forms of leadership styles, it is imperative to define each and better understand the background and concept under which each is implemented and is most effective. The two have considerable differences between them, as well as similarities in functions, nature and execution. This paper looks into the overall relationship and individual existence and performance domain and style of each leadership style. Backed by intensive thinking and brain storming (Person, 2010, 46) and solid execution, while organizational leadership is supported by smooth decisions enforced by organizational observation and participation. The basic genesis of the concept of tactical derives from the previous experiences and observations. Based on all the knowledge and expertise gained, the leadership duties and responsibilities are performed accordingly. These actions may be the experience gained in individual capacity or experience based on the collective actions taken by the team and the organization which allows for experience derivation for future course of action. Certain variables are associated with this kind of leadership style; these are the time frame and constraint, the extent of participation of the leader and the element of charisma (Porter, Angle, & Allen, 2003, 246). As a result of the prior knowledge the steps are undertaken to solve the problems and devise a strategy according to the requirements. Such form of leadership still is highly effective when there is direct contact with the sub ordinates such as military on the field interaction and war